Thursday, July 25, 2013

St. Augustine of Hippo - On Heretics & Heresies

Bishop & Doctor of the Church (354 - 430 AD)

"Shall we hesitate to take refuge in the bosom of that Church, which, as is evident to all, possesses the supreme authority of the Apostolic See through the Episcopal succession? In vain do heretics rage round it...To refuse to the Church the primacy is most impious and above measure arrogant...what can be greater evidence of pride and rashness than to be unwilling to learn about the books of the divine mysteries from the proper interpreter. (De Unitate Credendi, cap. xvii., n. 35).

"So the Christian is a Catholic as long as he lives in the body: cut off from it he becomes a heretic - the life of the spirit follows not the amputated member." (S. Augustinus, Sermo cclxvii., n. 4)

"Heresies have arisen, and certain perverse views ensnaring souls and precipitating them into the abyss only when the Scriptures, good in themselves, are not properly understood" (In Evang. Joan., tract xviii., cap. 5, n. 1)

"No one who merely disbelieves in all (these heresies) can for that reason regard himself as a Catholic or call himself one. For there may be or may arise some other heresies, which are not set out in this work of ours, and, if any one holds to one single one of these he is not a Catholic" (S. Augustinus, De Haeresibus, n. 88).

(Pope Leo XIII - But he who dissents even in one point from divinely revealed truth absolutely rejects all faith, since he thereby refuses to honour God as the supreme truth and the formal motive of faith.)
"In many things they are with me, in a few things not with me; but in those few things in which they are not with me the many things in which they are will not profit them" (S. Augustinus in Psal. liv., n. 19)

"You, who believe what you like, believe yourselves rather than the gospel" (S. Augustinus, lib. xvii., Contra Faustum Manichaeum, cap. 3)

"There is nothing more grievous than the sacrilege of schism....there can be no just necessity for destroying the unity of the Church" (S. Augustinus, Contra Epistolam Parmeniani, lib. ii., cap. ii., n. 25)

St. Augustine publicly attests that, "the primacy of the Apostolic chair always existed in the Roman Church" (Ep. xliii., n. 7); and he denies that anyone who dissents from the Roman faith can be a Catholic. "You are not to be looked upon as holding the true Catholic faith if you do not teach that the faith of Rome is to be held" (Sermo cxx., n. 13)

What doth it profit thee not to offend the Father, who avenges an offense against the Mother? What doth it profit to confess the Lord, to honour God, to preach Him, to acknowledge His Son, and to confess that He sits on the right hand of the Father, if you blaspheme His Church? Hold fast, therefore, O dearly beloved, hold fast altogether God as your Father, and the Church as your Mother" (Enarratio in Psal. Lxxxviii., sermo ii., n. 14)

"Men of corrupt mind, who have made shipwreck of the faith, cannot help being slaves. . . They are slaves to a threefold concupiscence: of will, of pride, or of outward show" (St. Augustine, De Vera Religione, 37)

"if reason is turned against the authority of sacred Scripture, no matter how specious it may seem, it errs in the likeness of truth; for true it cannot be." (Epistola 147, ad Marcellinum," 7 (PL 33, 589))

"men think, or would have it believed, that Christian teaching is not suited to the good of the State; for they wish the State to be founded not on solid virtue, but on the impunity of vice." (Arcanum, no. 81)

"Our Lord has bequeathed to us His Body and Blood under the form of substances in which a multitude of things have been reduced to unity, for one of them, namely bread, consisting as it does of many grains is yet one, and the other, that is to say wine, has its unity of being from the confluent juice of many grapes." (Tract. xxxvi., in Joan nn. 13, 17)

Monday, July 8, 2013

Fr. Louis Leveil - Testimony

This is a translation from original French that was done for a friend as they are trying to put together a case for Fr. Leveil's canonization.
It is certainly worth a read.



Testimony
____


Father Louis-Marie LEVEIL
of the Society of Jesus
(1884-1973)
________
65 Years in India



Preface by Bishop DIRAVIAM
Archbishop of Madurai






Table of Contents
____

Preface – Bishop Diraviam...…………………………………………………………………… 5
I. Childhood and Youth ..………………………………………………………………………. 9
-  The Call ……….………………………………………………………………………… 11
II. Toward India ………….……………………………………………………………………. 12
-          Scholasticate ..…………………………………………………………………………. 12
-          Regency ...……………………………………………………………………………… 12
III. Priest ……………………….………………………………………………………………. 14
a.)    Andavoorani ……………………………………………………………………………. 15
-          The little children..……………………………………………………………… 15
-          Father of the poor……………………………………………………………….. 16
-          Oriyur..………………………………………………………………………….. 17
b.)    Ramnad ………………………………………………………………………………… 18
-          Zeal for Souls.…………………………….…………………………………….. 18
-          Tests ……………………………………………………………………………. 20
c.)    He Gave Nothing But Love…………………………………………………………….. 22
-          Kindess………………………………………………………………………….. 22
-          Man of prayer…………………………………………………………………… 23
IV. Last Step
a.)    Sarakanei.………………………………………………………………………………. 24
-          The good shepherd……………………………………………………………... 24
-          Man of God …………………………………………………………………….. 25
-          He became a mendicant...……………………………………………...……….. 25
b.)    Priesthood Golden Jubilee ……………..……………………………………..……….. 26
c.)    Waiting for the Lord …………………………………………………………...………. 27
-          Final mass…………..……………………………………………………..……. 28
-          Glorious apotheosis……………………………………………………….……...29






PREFACE
It is with great pleasure that I present to many friends and admirers of his native country these notes on the life and work of Father Louis Marie Leveil in his adopted country.
The grandeur and heroism of this admirable and sympathetic missionary priest merit to be more well-known, and it is with the firm hope that, for the Glory of God and the edification of all, the facts recounted here will only be a foretaste of a more complete biography which will comprise the atmosphere of Marava where they lived.
I only knew Father Leveil during the last years of his pastoral ministry, but the echoes of his almost legendary fame (we do not lend this to the wealthy) reached me well before. To tell the truth, my personal experience far from disappointed me, only confirming my reverence for the model priest truly worthy of his noble calling.
Whoever says priest says “man of God for others.” This ideal was only perfectly achieved by Christ, the Priest by excellence of the New Testament. Jesus came into the world “to serve and not to be served.” Jesus who loved his Father and was so loved and whose life, from cradle to cross, was a tangible revelation of divine love for us.
At the example of his Master, Father Leveil gave himself completely to God, self-love no longer had a place in his heart and this total gift of himself led him to a total dedication to serving others. Stripped of everything, forgetting himself, taking Jesus “in the form of a servant.” (Philippians 2:7). It beamed around him, in his person and in his acts of love with which he was filled.
I pray fervently for all who read these pages on Father Leveil, recognize in him the ideal of the priest and pray that his colleagues in the ministry of Christ follow his noble example and in turn become “men of God to others.”
            Madurai, May 8, 1980.
P. J. DIRAVIAM
Archbishop of Madurai









At the death of Father Leveil, March 21, 1973, the region of Marava, in the south of India, lost (but basically won for heaven) one of the holy priests whom God sometimes bestows upon some nations to make him the instrument of his blessings upon a people.
In the three sectors of Marava where he worked one to the next, you will find few men, women or children who didn’t know him and who bow their heads in respect when you say his name. They would have traveled for miles to get his blessing and then returned home full of joy and confidence.
Why was he so famous?
Was he a politician publicizing? A social worker? No. He was a simple priest filled with love of God, a simple servant who demonstrated, not only by his words, but by his patience, his kindness and by all his actions, the presence of God.
Father Leveil gave a profound impression to those who came to see him that they were in the presence of a “man of God,” seeking only to do good like his Divine Master. His reputation was quite exceptional and rare; a reputation of holiness uniquely his own. The “voice of the people” is there to recognize him and spread not only amongst the Catholics but also amongst Hindus, Muslims, Protestants of all denominations as well as the rare English or Canadian officials who were stationed in the District. All were convinced, when they came to find Father Leveil, that they had approached a “man of God,” and they were willing to do whatever he asked of them.
We need his family to have some details on his youth.




I – Childhood and Youth
            The young Louis Marie was born in Laillé, in the diocese of Rennes, April 6, 1884, while the parish was celebrating the Palm Sunday procession. He was a very frail and sickly baby, so much so that his dad hurriedly called his godparents to take him to the church to obtain the grace of Holy Baptism that same day.
            He was the youngest[1] of ten children, in a landowning family, where faith was as solid as the Breton[2] granite ground. From the large family farm, perched on top of a hill, they enjoyed a magnificent view, and the child’s eyes kept the memory of those beautiful, peaceful horizons, of the fields and green meadows that stretched to the riverbanks, until the last days of his life. He liked to recall the memory of this image in his letters, as well as the image of the Virgin with her hands pouring our rays of light (Miraculous Medal) hung near his bed. He wanted a similar picture to be given to the members of his family for his Priesthood Golden Jubilee in 1970. On the back, he had this text printed: “As a little child, from my little bed, upon waking my eyes fell on the image of the Virgin with the Rays of Light, never doubting that the Immaculate Virgin drew me to herself to protect me and to direct me to her Divine Son, for now and for all eternity.”
            The farm was very important, and everyone had his or her place and work, their virtuous parents watching over everyone and preaching by example. It was in this Christian living environment, one of simplicity and joy, that the young Louis grew up amidst brothers and sisters who cherished him dearly.
            Very early, however, came the test: the death of a little sister, the death of his youngest  brother as a saint at the age of 24, and of the father of the family taken by a heart attack. He was 54. Father Leveil brought up the memory even in his old age: “I had just turned 7 and I clearly remember the good advice that this revered father gave us after receiving Extreme Unction (Last Rites). Very calmly, the dying [man] exhorted his children to respect their mother, to conduct themselves obediently to her orders and her advice, and to console her in her grief with their affection and good spirit…” He was listened to, for the eight children who surrounded their grieving mother always showed themselves worthy of their generous parents.

            This mother could have counted on her eldest son to help her with this difficult task. He was taken the following year as the result of an accident. But nothing brought down this courageous woman who taught her children to discover God’s will in all things, even in that event. “This admirable mother,” we read in his correspondence, “was able to show herself as a strong and courageous Christian in all circumstances.”
            With prudence and know-how, she continued to manage the farm, combining firmness and kindness in the purest evangelical spirit. There was no one unhappy in her village, as she knew how to delicately help one who was in need…A bed was always ready for the poor passerby, and he had a place at the family table.
            The children were taught well, and Father Leveil often evoked in his letters the memory of his holy mother whose example impacted him and his siblings: “We can reflect,” as we read in his correspondence, “on the life of our dear mother, so full of suffering and hardship. Despite her infirmities, how much work did she not give to raise us? Divine grace was her strength and her prayer continues. However, the memory that will forever revive our mother within us, is it not the evening prayer in commune? Was that moment not sublime? Locals, strangers, poor overnighters, everyone bowed to her voice, so clear and that prayed so well…”
            It is not surprising that the young Louis Marie, in this atmosphere of truth, of goodness and piety, understood very early the gift of self to God and to others. One of his sisters, Victoire (Victoria), seven years his elder, had a specific influence on him. She often trained her brother at the church, about three kilometers distance, to pray before the Tabernacle, to do the stations of the cross on Friday, and when she went into the fields, he still followed her…it was there that she told him one day: “Louis, you should become a priest.” “I sat at her side,” he writes, “watching the cows graze, and did not understand what she was trying to tell me. I was only 6 years old, but this advice[3]struck me and I kept the memory very clearly without remembering many other things.”
            At that age, he started to go to school but became, perhaps due to successive family bereavements, hypersensitive, shy and very fearful. He cried in class because he wasn’t with Philibert, the beloved brother who was his playmate who preceded him [in death]… He told us about becoming fearful one morning while going to school and hiding in a bush on the path, where he stayed until evening waiting for his brother [who was] worried and upset to find him there.

The Call
Elementary school ended, [and] Louis Marie joined his siblings to help with the farm chores. He was twelve years old when, he said, “the second bell ring was given to me by a young pastor of the parish. After a confession, he asked me, ‘What is your vocation?’ [Just] a young peasant, I didn’t understand the meaning of this word ‘vocation,’ but I informed mom about the pastor’s question.[4] Two years later, I was 14 when, one afternoon around 4 in the evening, while working I heard a voice without luster or any outside noise say to me clearly, ‘Louis priest!’ This struck me, and since I kept thinking about this suggestion, I spoke with my mom a couple days later and asked her to drive me to the pastor’s house. He received us kindly. After having listened to us, he gave me a Latin grammar manual and instructed me to memorize the first five pages of the book. I had to come to recite them to him within three days time. I took the manual and tried to memorize the first declensions: Rosa, rosae, rosam…, but this new language wouldn’t go into my brain. It seemed so difficult to me that I started crying. Never the less, I went back to the pastor’s house; the lesson was recited and he assigned me another. I would have perhaps been discouraged if the young pastor, a newly ordained priest, hadn’t come to my rescue. He committed to explaining the lessons to me; lessons which became easier and easier and, above all, he had me admitted into the secondary school Sainte-Croix de Vitré (Holy Cross of [the town of] Vitré). This was in 1900. I was 16 years old and I did my secondary studies there.
“I entered into the  Seminary of Rennes in 1904. To become a priest was decided, but where? In France or as a missionary? A Jesuit Father from the Province of Toulouse came one day to give us a session on the [projector][5] and the next day gave us a conference on the Mission of Maduré to which he belonged. During this conference, I felt strongly attracted by the call made in favor of this mission…This appeal required just the same a confirmation. I did a novena of grace to St. Francis Xavier and multiple pilgrimages to Our Lady of Miracles in Rennes. One of my classmates in the Seminary, Father Soufflet, already in the Jesuit Novitiate, wrote me a letter for the feast of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin, and this letter dissipated all of my hesitations. After my military service, I would go into the Novitiate and not into the Seminary…”
            And so it is that on October 6, 1906, Louis Marie entered into the Novitiate of the Jesuits in the Limbourg province of Belgium. He said he was “as happy as a fish in water.” After two years of probation, he came back to his native country and left the things which he should never see again. The goodbye[6] was hard for all but especially for his elderly mother, saddened to see her last who, more than any other, had surrounded her with respect and love, leave for so far and forever.


II – Toward India
          The departure from France was made from Marseille in September 1908, but Father first passed through Lourdes in order to be healed in the hands of Our Lady, with those who he was leaving and with those with whom the Lord had entrusted him. We have the story in the letter he wrote while aboard the ship. They were twelve ordinary[7] missionaries who “fixed their eyes on Notre-Dame de la Garde[8] for over a half of an hour, a time to bid farewell and murmur some prayers…then it was finished! A large rock rising from the sea came to steal from our eyes but not from our hearts, because God willed that his love follow us everywhere.”

SCHOLASTICATE[9]
            Father Leveil reached Bombay then the Mission of Maduré, situated in the south of the State of Madras, on October 14, 1908. With young Jesuits from all the missions of India, he started his religious formation up to and including philosophy, at the Scholasticate of Shembaganoor situated 6,000 feet[10] above sea level in the Ghats [mountain] range.
            Before moving to theology, Father Leveil, according to the custom of the Society of Jesus, had “to do his regency,” that’s to say to be for a few years applied to teaching or some other employment in one or another educational institution.

REGENCY
            In fact, from December 1912 to 1916, he found himself assigned to the Secondary School of Saint Francis Xavier of Palamcottah, capital of the Southern District, which had 45,000 inhabitants. He was given the role of a science teacher as well as, more notably, that of “overseer” of the First Division of interns.
            This latter task was not an easy one, but contact all day long with a growing youth proved to be very useful as a first stage of learning in the life of a future pastor of souls.

“So I do the class,” he wrote, “but I am primarily responsible for supervising children in the study, in games, in the bathroom, in the dormitory, on walks, etc…The youngest are only 8 or 9 years of age, others nearly 20 years old, coming somewhat from everywhere and belonging to various castes.
“It’s all a matter of making it work with 250 students divided into 9 groups. The small ones are no less spirited than the bigger ones. For me, the main point is to excite them and to maintain a level playing field. On certain days, I develop competitions, but it would cost me. Our students are happy with very little: a knife, a mirror, scissors…This would suffice to make them happy, but what was necessary to get these? If it was a question of competition with students from another school, they didn’t care about the prize, the honor of victory was enough for them…
“It was also very useful for me to have postcards in order to show the students things from Europe about which they had no idea: snow, the return of spring with the budding trees, mills, etc…The English books they studied often spoke of these things, but these children had never seen them.”
Father also shared his concerns during the great heat which starts in April and last several months:
“The sun is just above our heads. It is burning and the atmosphere is very, very hot. Our lone well is insufficient for our 360 residents and the faculty of the school…
“We have water to quench our thirst but we must manage it. We would like to give a daily bath to our children. They are fond of baths, and the lack of water exposes them to catch skin diseases which make them suffer a lot and are contagious. But our wells would dry up very quickly. We allow them only every two days to pour water on their heads and bodies with their cups. The period of rain doesn’t begin until October…Consider our predicament and pray that we will find the money necessary to build a new well.”
In this small school environment entrusted to the vigilance of Father Leveil, there were sometimes even small disputes and quarrels, susceptibilities and rustlings of castes, but Father knew how to reprimand and to encourage wisely. Always in a good mood, helpful and thankful with chores, he had his way of applying the balm of Christian charity and never gave in to movements of irritation.
This apostolic prelude of Father already reveals what would be a long life filled with faith and prayer, of courage and of love.




III – PRIEST
His regency completed, Father left Palamcottah and continued to Kurseong, on the slopes of the Himalayas, the cycle required for theology.
Ordained a priest on January 13, 1920, he passed his third year in Ranchi, in Nagpor  Chettu, and in 1921 he returned to Madurai. From this point forward, all of his priestly life will pass by in this vast region and more precisely in the Ramnad district (formerly the Kingdom of Marava), whose ground was sanctified by the visit of St. Francis Xavier on the Fishery Coast in 1542, and by the apostolate of St. John de Britto, martyred in Oriyur in 1693.
This terrain of Marava, with its killer climate, is a vast desert plain, drab and hot. Often visited by natural disasters (floods and droughts), it poorly nourishes a dense and very poor population where famine and epidemics are frequent. It is among these simple and poor people that Father Leveil lived for fifty-two years, sharing with them a life of deprivation and sufferings.  


a) ANDAVOORANI
            The first parish entrusted to his care was in Andavoorani, in the northeast of Marava, where he arrived in April of 1921. Everything was in a poor state and we still wonder today how a European priest could live and adapt in this lost place which, at the time, had no roads, no water, nor any means of obtaining food to live!
            The population, very poor and illiterate, had about 25,000 souls. They lived dispersed as Andavoorani, the missionary home, was at the center of an immense parish [region] which stretched to infinity with a number of villages and hamlets…We wondered, what could a young priest, small and sickly in appearance, do who arrived all alone and without pastoral experience?
            Father Leveil, undeterred, went straight to work as he was sure that the Good Lord would be  there and would come to his aid. His confidence was unshakable. He prayed and prayed..
            “I am in charge,” he wrote his family, “of 4,000 Christians, but also of 20,000 pagans who I cannot forget. I am here for them all, and the miserable state in which these poor excites my compassion…the task is beyond my strength, and feeling alone and helpless, I turn to you and beg you to help me by your fervent prayers, an exemplary Christian life, a tangible help when you can…”
            His first project was to build, at the center of Andavoorani, a spacious church that could gather all his people. After six years of difficulties of all kinds, it was consecrated in 1928 and placed under the patronage of Our Lady of Mercy.
            He did not neglect, in spite of all this, the distant villages. They also had their own small chapels. There were approximately fifteen, and the first was dedicated to St. Thérèse of Lisieux, of whom Father was particularly fond.
           
THE LITTLE CHILDREN
            Father loved little children. Early on, he met them: “I am pleased to see that they are not afraid of me. In my time on the village paths, they never even fail to greet me saying as a pious custom of the country, ‘Glory to God.’ The toddlers who only babble also make salutation by joining their little hands and bowing. The follow me to the church, kneel beside me without saying a word. When I take the path they follow me to every station, kneeling with me and doing everything like me…”

            Concerned about the future of these children, he realized immediately that the country’s development could not be achieved without a school.
            Quickly, the boys had theirs installed in a shed covered with palm leaves. “It worked for a year,” wrote Father, “but with heavy monsoon rains, everything is so wet that the children cannot, as usual, sit down. I cannot, however, send back these dear little ones and tell them, ‘There is no more school!’ No, I need to build them a school where the water won’t come in…”
            For the girls’ school, he took action in a very personal way. Without speaking about his project, he invited two Indian nuns to spend three days in his parish, simply to visit some non-Christian villages, in order to distribute medicine and to baptize dying children. The result was immediate. People flocked from all sides to seek their remedies and, in three days, they sent to heaven twenty-six little angels. This visit so deeply moved the sisters that soon after a school, convent, and orphanage became a reality.
            The parish immediately gained importance and hearts were opened to hope. Many children had the opportunity to learn, to get jobs[11], and even some priestly and religious vocations were not slow to reveal themselves.
            This was, for Father Leveil, solace from the hardships which he lived out with his people.

FATHER OF THE POOR
            Cholera, at the time, frequently ravaged. Entire families were wiped out and the survivors have never forgotten the heroism of Father in those years of terror.
            “Most recently,” he wrote in 1925, “I was in a village of 1500 inhabitants, where cholera had 66 victims in a few days time. These poor sick lying on the ground. Their members are frozen and they suffer terrible pains in the bowels and severe cramping which bends both arms and legs.
            
            “Christians and pagans call me because nobody dares to approach these patients to assist them and care for them. People are afraid of contagion and think only of fleeing for their lives leaving friends and family in distress.”
            Cholera spread quickly and reached up to fifteen to twenty villages separated from each other by several kilometers. He had to go on foot or by bullock cart[12], taking trails full of potholes with mud up to the wheel hubs when there was a monsoon.
            There was no public health care for the sick or to bury the dead. Courageously the missionary brought with him a handful of volunteers. He cared for the sick and buried the dead, expending himself for all with the same kindness, without any distinction of caste or religion.
            Father Leveil gave an exhausting work…It felt filled with the grace of God, and the people made no mistake about it. They ran to him in all circumstances, as they were convinced that his prayers and blessings were always answered.
            Pets, themselves, had their part. If cattle or goats were sick, no need for a vet, the echo resounded immediately: “Run fast to Father Leveil,” and Father arrived. He blessed people and livestock reassuring everyone. We are even certain that many of the wounds were healed, epidemics stopped, rains obtained, thanks to the prayers of intercession of Father.

ORIYUR
            Not far from Andavoorani, about six kilometers, is Oriyur, where the Portuguese Jesuit, Blessed John de Britto,[13] was martyred.
            Oriyur did not depend on Andavoorani, but it was attached to the parish in 1929, and it is believed that Divine Providence, in putting this hallowed location under the responsibility of Father Leveil, was intended with him to expand the cult of the glorious martyr who had consecrated this earth of Marava by spilling his blood.
            Father immediately resolved to make Oriyur a center of ‘spiritual renewal’ and to incite the ‘canonization’ of the Blessed martyr by prayer and obtaining miracles. He began by educating the Christians on the Blessed and on Oriyur.
            Retreats for men and women were given and were very much appreciated. They returned encouraged and improved.
            A first pilgrimage was organized by Father Leveil. He took the road with all the Christians of Andavoorani and this pilgrimage was no picnic. Remembering the request of Our Lady of Lourdes, ‘Prayer and Penance,’ no conversation between laymen was allowed on the route, and all day there were prayers, exposés of the Blessed Sacrament, processions, confessions, and, the next morning, Solemn Mass.
            This example was followed by others and soon parish after parish, led by their priests, [had] Christians taking the road of Oriyur and praying to the Blessed who was canonized in 1947. The joy of Father Leveil was great, but he hadn’t been in Andavoorani since 1943.

RAMNAD
            Ramnad was a quite comfortable city, the former capital of the old Kingdom of Marava and residence of the Rajah. It too was marked by the passage of St. John de Britto, since he was sentenced to death by the Rajah Sedoupady and the saint came to Ramnad from Oriyur to be beheaded.
            Father Leveil arrived there in his sixtieth year, exhausted by his deprivations and work! His superiors, entrusting this parish to him, were convinced that the facilities of the city would allow him a bit of rest and relaxation. It did not happen.
            Ramnad was close to the Bay of Bengal and the last relay before embarking for Ceylon. Its geographical location made it worthy of certain administrative and commercial activity. It was a place of continuous movement.
            The population, especially pagan and Protestant, had 25,000 inhabitants. A small handful of very poor and outcast (just 200), formed the Catholic core…It was a real spiritual desert! The missionary ministry was not limited to the city. It was spread very far over a radius of 20 kilometers to the sea, in large coastal villages, which had thousands of Hindus and Muslims, traders and fishermen. There were also, to the joy of the priest, small Christian communities where there are descendants of the first converts of St. Francis Xavier.

ZEAL FOR SOULS
            Upon his arrival, Father had the idea of building small rooms close to the church, in order to facilitate the stay of passers-by who came to the city for business. At the same time, he began to establish two schools. He had no resources, but the help of God was manifest. The Thinagarem, uncle of the Rajah, had just died, leaving the construction of a school unfinished. His widow (a non-Catholic) finished the school and entrusted it to Father Leveil, despite harsh opposition by Hindus and Protestants.

             Entrusted to teachers who were Indian Brothers, the school immediately had a good reputation and developed marvelously. In a short time there were 15 teachers to teach 400 boys. A school for girls was opened to, run by Indian nuns in Madurai.
            Father quickly organized catholic action meetings and retreats. Sunday, after the first Mass celebrated in Ramnad, he went on foot and on an empty stomach, under the scorching sun for 11 hours, making up fifteen or twenty miles, to find Christians, also on an empty stomach, who had been waiting all morning. He immediately began mass, preached, heard confessions, gave advice and paternal warnings, with a word and a smile for each one. Then he went back to Ramnad.
            The young novices of the Society of Jesus and the seminarians in training who we had sent him accompanied him in his apostolic journeys, and they were built up to the highest point of zeal for souls, seeing him prepare his sermons carefully, writing them, remaining always willing to listen, to help, to bless, to confess for hours, not caring for his own comfort and never taking rest.
            In 1952, one of these young religious writing in France to Philibert, brother of Father Leveil, “What could I tell you about Father Louis? He is a true Curé d’Ars, model of prayer and of zeal for souls. There is also nothing surprising about how his parish grows…
            “Father is now well-known, esteemed, and revered throughout the city because of his love and service he gives each day to so many poor people, whether visiting them in the hospital, or in finding work for them, or in defending their cause when they are injured.
            “I was  very struck by the beautiful expression of the faith and of piety given by his Christians on October 12, on the occasion of the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary, patroness of the parish.
            “All the Christians of his vast Pangou (?)[14] had arranged to meet and camped for two days around the church and the rectory.
            “For two nights, long processions – one of statues, another of the Blessed Sacrament. They were followed by several thousand Christians. Right in the city, downtown, they stopped the statue of the Blessed Virgin before the Rajah’s palace and a prayer was broadcast on the loudspeakers…Many Muslims and Hindus followed the procession, prostrated themselves before the statue, offered flowers, rice, sugar, fruit or money. All manifested the utmost respect.
            “If we cannot expect a lot of conversion, we can say that Christ shines already largely in this city…Despite his age, the good Father Louis maintains the bravery of a young man and earned our respect.”
The impetus was given. The Church of Ramnad, faded for some time, shined on his people with a new spiritual light.
This zeal for souls did not prevent Father Leveil from understanding physical needs. He knew that the best form of charity was to raise the standard of living of the poor, to educate, and to prepare them for work. Thus he helped the fishermen of the coast to acquire nets and fishing boats to go farther out to sea which would increase their resources.
He also had other projects when Father Arango was given to him as an assistant in 1953. This young Jesuit also burned with love for the poor, and the two priests got along wonderfully. They opened a library where the educated people of Ramnad could be enriched. They decided to start the construction of little houses for the poor outcasts of the Christian community and to establish trade schools to ease poor children out of their misery. Father Arango got to return to Colombia, his native country, to raise the necessary funds. But alas! Victim of a fatal accident, he would never return. What a trial for Fr. Leveil who, in spite of his 70 years of age, faced so much work and bore with his people all the sufferings with which he was afflicted.

TRIALS
 In that same year, there was an invasion of rats such as we have never seen in the history of mankind! “These rats cut down the rice when it develops ears[15] on such a large scale that it is reminiscent of the Egyptian plagues. The poor farmers do not know what to do and ask me to exorcise their fields.”
In Ramnad, water is very rare, with a practically continuous drought, causing frequent famines. Father’s letters are alarming: “How does one come to the rescue of so many poor reduced to such an extreme misery? They have no work and no money. Some families spend several days without being able to buy rice to eat…Even wealthy families only have one meal because there is nothing to be found…Every day there are new poor families who come to ask for financial aid, widows deprived of their breadwinner and who have to feed four or five small children, elderly men and women incapable of working and abandoned by their married children who already cannot meet the needs of their families.”
When it’s not a drought, it’s sometimes a tornado, as in 1955, when it was a true disaster for the entire region. Just a few moments and everything was violently and suddenly[16] swept away: huts of poor people, harvests lost, etc…Father was there, comforting, encouraging, organizing relief for those who had nothing.

In the midst of all these troubles, he managed to expend his tender love on the small and the poor, [evidence of] his zeal for souls.[17] Everyone came to him, and he could truly say, “the poor are evangelists.” However, he made no mistake about it and knew very well that, in order to have rice or work when we lack everything, we are ready to be baptized.[18]
He never asked for anything, but he felt the grace of God acting on souls. Educated people of Ramnad – lawyers, doctors, inspectors, all Hindus and Protestants – came to see him, to question him, and were happy to hear Catholic doctrine explained. Father even won the friendship of the Rajah’s brother, and, by his influence, the wife of the Rajah at the time proved to be his only wife.
“Many of these Hindus,” he wrote to France, “admire and respect the Catholic religion. Let us pray, because this movement of souls is very consoling. Yes, ask the Holy Spirit to help these souls to discern where true life is, because Christ said, “Nobody comes to Me except the Father draw him.”
So much generous work and deprivation reduced Father Leveil to the frame of a skeleton. He was 72 years old and could no longer manage a great effort. He needed rest. His superiors sent him to Sarugani (today Sarakanei) for a reduced workload; he would be the spiritual director of the priests and of the nuns of the District.

c) HE GAVE NOTHING BUT LOVE
            Fr. Leveil left Ramnad in 1956, but not the poor land of Marava. For twenty-one years he had worked and toiled in the North, in Andavoorani, then thirteen years in the south in Ramnad. Next he was going to dig into the interior[20], at the very heart of the country, as if he belonged entirely to this desert land where he had dug deep furrows and sown the good seed, “giving nothing but love everywhere.”
            There would be much to say about all his rounds through the rough Marava. Nothing could stop him: neither fatigue, nor the scorching sun or the pouring rain…One could call day or night and would always find him available.

HIS KINDNESS WAS PROVERBIAL
            One night in Ramnad, he slept on the porch, dressed in his cassock, on a small cot, when he was sent for by a patient. He immediately left, but upon his return his place was taken. A man, passing by there and seeing the empty bed, laid down there and went to sleep…Upon his return, Father did not want to bother him and laid down on the ground. Shortly thereafter, he also fell asleep. The man on the bed suddenly heard a snore and cried out annoyed, “Who is there…who is sleeping on the ground?” Without getting up and with great gentleness, Father simply answered the man, “It’s me, sleep peacefully.”
            The poor, the young, the unfortunate were his passion. With extreme attention and kindness, Father looked into all distresses, “moving heaven and earth” in order to bring relief. As for the dark days of great calamities, he lived through all of the deprivation and anxiety, bearing in his heart all the suffering and misery of his people.
            The poverty of the people was his [poverty]. He was content with a frugal amount of food: some rice and water with a little sauce and a vegetable. The treats (eggs or fish) were reserved for guests.
            During periods of starvation, and even at a very advanced age, he further reduced his diet, only taking one meager meal per day. He only had one plate…One day, the Provincial was coming by…What to do? Quite simply, “Take the plate,” said Father. “I’ll eat later.” On the other hand, when he went during the holiday season to the residence of the Jesuit Fathers or elsewhere, he had no qualms about rejoicing in the good dinner that was served. It was his way of thanking God for what was served.
            Most notable was his sensitivity and exquisite charity. He never criticized anyone and was never heard speaking ill of anyone and could not hear anyone spoken ill of…Sometimes, in order to provoke a reaction, someone would stand before him and speak aggressively about someone else. Father Leveil at first remained silent, then he would close his eyes and fall asleep…

A MAN OF PRAYER
            Up at dawn or before dawn, having gone to bed at what time no one knows, he seemed impervious to fatigue; nature was there, however, and got even.
            How many times, kneeling in church, he fell asleep, exhausted at 10 or 11 o’clock at night, finding himself there the following morning. Blessed sleep that renewed him in spite of himself…He prayed long hours, often at night; he was seen kneeling on the veranda, or heading to church to pray there again.
            At that time, there was no electricity but only storm lanterns. Father did not use them…He used light from a candle placed at the corner of the altar where the Blessed Sacrament was.  Tired from a day of work, where nothing had been overlooked and, after returning home very late, he was seen finishing his breviary, standing there, standing at the foot of the altar, in the presence of God.
            Who can tell of the depth of the faith and piety of Father Leveil? Always in prayer or in the service of men, he had no other aim than the glory of God and the salvation of souls.
            From his earliest years, he had a great love for the Virgin Mary. “It is by Her that everything comes to us,” he often wrote. “It is the sure and straight[21] path that leads us to her son.”
            When he entered the Society of Jesus in 1906, he became familiar with Thérèse of Lisieux, who was not yet Blessed. Immediately he found in her a soul mate, and we can say that the absolutely loyalty of Father, the life of prayer and of faithfulness in small things, the total gift of himself in charity, corresponded exactly to the “little way” taught by the saint. Following in her footsteps, [22] inheritor of her intrepid and audacious faith, of her humility and simplicity, he lived before God, as a child, in total trust and abandonment.
            “Seized by Christ,” he had given everything to Him and it is “in Him” that he constantly renewed his soul and strength…He had so fixed his gaze on Christ, his Master and friend, that his every move was imbued with the love He bore in him. In addition, we will never know the spiritual radiance of Father during his long life, for the love he gave to all his people was as the bearer of the love and salvation of Jesus Christ.

IV – LAST STEP
a) SARAKANEI
            Father Leveil had spent the last seventeen years of his life in Sarakanei. He could no longer bear the responsibilities of a parish, and the intention of his superiors, in giving him a subordinate position, was not to load him with responsibility but to give him rest.
            Sarakanei was then the headquarters of the Ecclesial District, located at the intersection of several roads. He had to give spiritual direction to the clergy of the entire District and was the confessor of many convents. But how could his zeal stop there?
            From [the time of] his installation at Sarakanei, Father became the apostle of old Catholics who were so in nothing more than name. There are indeed, in the parish territory, descendants of the first converts of St. John de Britto.
            After the martyrdom of the saint in 1963, and fifty years later, the suppression of the Society of Jesus – which led to the departure of missionaries – their ancestors lived in rather dark days. It was for them a very long time (about one hundred and fifty years) where, without any religious ministration, they suffered persecutions, wars and famines, which devoured more than half of the population. This already arid land was devastated and became a desert. Today the descendents of those courageous converts of Marava[23] kept the name “Christians,” but their wavering faith increasingly declined and many returned to Hinduism.

GOOD SHEPHERD
            How could Father Leveil not have been moved by their abandonment [of the faith]? It was for him the urgent call of the Good Shepherd who leaves the flock to graze chasing after the lost sheep. He began to do village censuses discovering nearly a thousand in Marava, only a fraction of which were still a remnant of faith. With the help of secular (diocesan)       priests, some families returned to the fold. He helped with the education of children and, until his death, he had to instruct their catechumens. His last project was to undertake the construction of a chapel in honor of St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus.
            Despite his age he was still visiting many parish villages, loving Sunday, celebrating the mass here or there in the distant areas. Tirelessly, he remained there afterward at everyone’s disposal to listen to them, to hear confessions, to bless the sick and to encourage them.
            He had neither car nor bicycle, at most a bamboo cane. Small in size, curved, bony, a beggar’s beard, his face burned by the sun but lighted by his bright blue eyes (as blue as the sky

under which he was born), he was seen to walk to the nearest villages. When the distance was long, he often sat on the back of someone who was on a bicycle. One day, however, he was caught. It was in a car, one he met halfway and who made him get into the car. Poor Father got in, so miserable, like a thief caught red handed.

MAN OF GOD
            The people, upon seeing him, wondered if he had not received a new youth…They say of all saints that they represent, in themselves, an aspect of the life of Our Lord. Father Leveil represented the image of Jesus walking from village to village, blessing the lowly, the small, and this image is the profound memory which all who knew him keep in their hearts.
            Little children were great friends of Father. As soon as they caught sight of him, they would flock to greet and to talk to him. They were happy to play with their “grandfather” and he, with great kindness, instructed them with little stories while their parents took pleasure in listening.
            When father was not on the road, he stood in the church or on the porch of the rectory, beset, from morning to night, by an extraordinary number of visitors, poor and unfortunate for the most part…They even came from far away to seek his advice, a letter of recommendation, to confess, to receive his blessing…Everyone, no matter what his caste or religion, was welcomed with kindness and the same interest…
            He gave what he had, what he was able [to give], especially his presence, his priestly blessing. One could say that a blessing costs nothing. But many came by exclusively for that reason…dare we say the word “holiness,” though he himself smiled to hear about that subject. But a “man of God,” this shows itself…and around those parts, it did show itself! His brothers, Jesuits, the numerous diocesan priests, sisters, all the people who came to him, recognized in Father Leveil “another Christ” and applied to him what was said of St. John de Britto: “His face is a blessing, and the mercy of God comes[24] from his lips.”

HE BECAME A MENDICANT[25]
            One may wonder today, how he could find the resources to build a large church, schools, convents, and thirty-some small chapels? How could he relieve so much misery, provide support to so many orphans, poor but intelligent children who he sent to secondary school to pursue their education?
             For Father, it was enough to see what needed to be to get straight to the point, combining “the Biblical simplicity of the dove with the finesse of the serpent.” He believed in the efficacy of prayer; he prayed, he fasted, he hoped with a confidence and a disarming[26] patience…His two great protectors were Our Lady of Lourdes, who obtained for him many graces, and Thérèse of Lisieux. “This little saint,” he wrote, “visibly helps me, and the providential aid she obtains for me greatly assists me.”[27]
            Until his death he was a mendicant, and he wrote to everywhere, to America as in France. In India, his poor Christians were shown to be generous when the harvest was good. They gave their time to make bricks, to carry them with their oxen and to build the small chapels in their villages.
            Father built in Marava at least thirty modest chapels…Once there were some Catholics in the village, one of his first concerns was to give them a place of prayer and worship because, as he wrote, “The man who works needs to be spiritually nourished. Christians provided with a chapel do not easily desert religion. The Church is a symbol of our union to Christ. It is there that the newly baptized become accustomed to prayer and that all castes gather around a priest, their spiritual guide.”

b) PRIESTHOOD GOLDEN JUBILEE
            On January 13, 1970, Father Leveil had the great joy of celebrating in Sarakanei his Priesthood Golden Jubilee. According to his wishes, this festival of thanksgiving was also that of all the priests of the District because he wanted it to testify before all of the people to the greatness of the Catholic priesthood.
            But the festival didn’t stop there…the Jubilee was all year, and of the main events was the visitation of his niece, Sister Mary of Jesus, who, in the month of October, arrived straight from France, sent by her Community. She came to share in the thanksgiving of her elderly uncle and to bring him, before all those who surrounded him, the testimony of friendship of his [native] country, of his [religious] Community, and of his family.
            Father Leveil, during his sixty-two years in India, had never again seen his own[28], nor France. By that time, at 86 years old, he could no longer make the trip, but France came to him and his joy was immense… Despite his age and multiple accidents [which he always managed to deal with]...his vitality was still high. He was happy to discuss with his niece the distant yet ever present memories of his childhood, of his revered mother, of his brothers and sisters; happy to hear her speak about the new generation of whom he knew all the names and ages…his memory by heart was amazing.
            For nearly two months, his visitor did not leave the jubilee, and he drove her everywhere he had worked and toiled, happy to introduce her to all of the people of Marava to whom he had given himself…All the doors were opened, from that of the Rajah of Ramnad to the poorest of Sarakanei. Dear Father was overjoyed. Everywhere [he went] the welcome was warm, vibrant, decorated with colors which know how to place you right in the Orient! One of the most touching receptions, however, deserves to be remembered. It’s one of a village among the poorest where the animals themselves were part of the festival.
            The entire population waited two kilometers from the center [of the village], with flags and firecrackers, but there was also a magnificent procession of fifty pairs of oxen, each pair being driven by a man…The calculation was deserved: Fifty years of priesthood for Father, so fifty pairs of oxen were necessary to greet him…In India, the oxen is the wealth of the poor; he plows the land and drags the cart…is it not fair that he should also share in the joy of man and his recognition?
            Sister Mary of Jesus went from one discovery to another, amazed by the extraordinary and supernatural radiance of her beloved uncle, but also amazed by the richness of this poor people who, in their extreme poverty, keep with dignity a great delicacy of feelings[29] and a spontaneous, open and simple joy, one our Western World no longer knows.

c) WAITING FOR THE LORD
            After the departure of his niece, the strong constitution of Father began to decline…His very swollen legs indicated a weakening of his heart. He lived another two and a half years, surrounded by a respect which became a loving veneration and, until the end of his life, there is no doubt he was treated “as a beloved relic.”
            His body became increasingly fragile. He could no longer visit the villages, but he counted to the vicar the number of families and, in return, he asked for news, concerning himself with the poor and the measures to be taken to help them live.
            He wrote to France, “Do not worry about my fate, the Good Lord always watches over his children with an all-powerful paternal tenderness. As you guessed, my eyesight, and my strength too, are declining, but the grace of God will never diminish.”
            His feet which had unceasingly walked [now] rested, but the fervent zeal of the missionary did not diminish…Until the end, he continued his priestly ministry, accepting, in the last days, to be carried on a chair to the Church to celebrate mass seated with the assistance of [another] priest. His hour approached…He was waiting for the Lord…his fingers still holding the rosary, his lips prayed and his hand never ceased to bless those who came to see him; to bless was, for him, the way to give of himself to others.
            For Christmas of 1972, he wrote to his family: “I no longer see clearly, my legs refuse to carry me. I am a missionary who is passing away.” He announced his death for his 89th birthday. “Let us prepare together so that it can be as Divine Providence wills it and has prepared it.”
            From that point forward, the latest[30] would be given by the Indian priests who surrounded him with much affection and devotion. “Father is exhausted,” they said. “He eats very little and can no longer digest. When the Lord calls him, we will all be sad. He was, during his entire long and marvelous life, a comfort to the sick and the poor, the spiritual joy and the beloved Father of all the priests of the region…He was the glory and the pride of his family during his entire life here, and this will be the same for all eternity.”


FINAL MASS
            On March 20, the eve of his death, and fifteen days before his 89th birthday, Father celebrated his final Mass with great difficulty. He could no longer [go on]…[31]Back home, tired after a rough night, he went to rest, something he never did. Around 10 o’clock, he became much worse and could no longer breath…Realizing that he was dying, he received Last Rites at 2:30, fully coherent, reciting prayers, a rosary in his hands…A large crowd was there…Everyone wanted to touch him, to kiss his clothes, to receive his blessing…
            With great difficulty, they managed to put him on the porch where people could pass by to see him and to leave. He had lost neither awareness nor his memory, and he recognized everyone: those of Ramnad or of Kilakarai…He thanked those who had helped him and expressed the desire to see Father Veaux, a Frenchman of his generation who had retired at the secondary school in Devakottai. Father Paul Veaux, a fellow “bushman” of Marava, had been Father’s neighbor for years in Andavoorani and, later, his vicar at Ramnad. They were two confreres who understood and appreciated each other.
            Around 3 PM, grasping the hands of the priest very firmly, holding his rosary in his left hand, he charged him [with the duty] of telling his niece, prioress of a convent in France, that he would pray for her in heaven, he would pray for France…that he would bless them all, the country that he loved…he repeated twice more…France…France…Then he closed his eyes and was silent. A little bit later his dear converts of Marava arrived. He blessed them with his trembling hand, one by one, tracing the sign of the cross on their foreheads.
            Shortly thereafter, it was the Fathers of the secondary school in Devakottai. It was 5 PM. Someone approached the ear of Father Leveil to tell him in a loud voice that Father Veaux was right next to him. As soon as he recognized the voice of Father Veaux speaking in French, he opened his eyes and heaved a great sigh: Ah!..Then came the quiet and beautiful end…While the sisters recited the prayers for the dying, in the presence of priests of Devakottai and of Sarakanei, teaching Brothers of the Sacred Heart, and of Christians (all in tears), Father Veaux drew closer to Father Leveil and whispered gently in his ear: “Jesus, Mary and Joseph.” At that moment, he smiled, and he died. It was 5:10 PM. The soul of the good and faithful servant, supported by the prayers of all those around him, went back to his Lord and Creator. It was March 21, 1973.


GLORIOUS APOTHEOSIS
            Around 7 PM, his body was exposed in the nave of the church so that all the people could see him one last time. Until the funeral, which took place the next night, there was a huge crowd [of people] who had come from all over to visit him and to pray. All night there were prayers and hymns one after another without interruption. Masses were celebrated starting at 5:30 in the morning, with numerous communions. At 11 o’clock, five priests concelebrated.
            The burial was a “glorious apotheosis.” Thousands of people, Christians, Hindus, Muslims, came from all villages, beating the “drum of mourning,” weeping, kneeling beside his body to touch him, kiss him, cover him with garlands of flowers and to ask for his intercession. It reminded one of the exposition of the body of St. Francis Xavier in Goa. They came from very far: Madurai, Andavoorani, Ramnad, etc.


The good people wanted to attend the funeral of Father, and, that day, the bus service was unable to contain the huge crowd that came to Sarakanei…any means available was good.[32]
            At 4:30 PM, Monsignor Diraviam, Archbishop of Madurai, concelebrated along with the Provincial Father of the Society of Jesus and fifty other priests. Monsignor gave a homily glorifying the apostolic zeal and charity of the great missionary. The absolution was given by the Provincial Father. Then, in a long procession around Sarakanei, his body was carried by dedicated priests, accompanied by a sea of humans impossible to number. It was 7:30 PM when the holy body of the man of God was placed in the grave, the place he had chosen, against the exterior wall of the church, in front of the grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes. One week earlier, Father had done the groundbreaking for the digging [of the grave].
            So that was the end of the last day on earth of the humble missionary, praised by the people of God as a saint of Heaven, glory of his family, having become a shining star in the firmament of God.
            Today, people come by the hundreds to his tomb. They cry because, as they say, “He always made the people happy…He is a saint who has left us.” As for those who knew him best, they remain in thanksgiving for the great gift the Lord gave to India, their country, in giving them Father Leveil.




[1] Benjamin means the youngest of a family; it is believed that the translation of “little sister” (petite soeur) means a young sister while “youngest brother” (cadet) would be the youngest of all of his older brothers.
[2] Breton: of the region of Brittany
[3] The French word avertissement is best translated as warning, but in this context it is believed that the best word is advice




[4] The original French says “Monsieur le Vicaire” which would be directly translated as “Mr. the Vicar” or “Curate” or “Pastor.” This is a method of formality in French that does not translate to English, so pastor has simply been utilized.
[5] The original French says “lanterne magique” which means “magic lantern.” This is a term that was used for old projectors.
[6] In French, the word “adieu” (literally, ‘to God’) has a sense of finality to it.
[7] Petits typically refers to size (small), but research of the definition in this context seems to imply “ordinary” or “simple”
[8] Notre-Dame de la Garde: a famous basillica in Marseille
[9] A college-level school of general study for those preparing for membership in a Roman Catholic religious order
[10] 1800 meters = ~6000 ft
[11] “Se faire une situation” – best translated estimated to mean to get a job
[12] A cart pulled by oxen
[13] Text refers to him here as “Blessed” John de Britto; he was canonized in 1947.
[14] Not sure what Pangou refers to; perhaps a region he lived in?
[15] As in ears of rice, develops grains at the end of the stalk
[16] The word “brutalement” in French carries a few connotations…to the extent that both “violently” and “suddenly” were used to fully express. The word “brutally” (most closely a cognate) is also prudent here.
[17] A somewhat unique French syntax here, required adding the words in brackets thought not actually present in the original text.
[18] This sentence in its original French just does not seem to make sense; the translator consulted a native Francophone who confirmed that the sentence did not make sense. It has been translated as it appears, but the understanding seems to be more appropriately that we “ought to be ready to be baptized even more necessarily than having food or work.”
[19] “Distribution of remedies [medication] to a group of lepers.”
[20] The literal translation says “Now he is going to,” but common English tense continuity suggests that when telling a story from the past we must retain the past tense, hence the translation “Next he was going to.”
[21] The French word “suave” best translates as “smooth,” but in this context it seems to imply “without impediment or obstacle,” therefore “straight” was chosen.
[22] “À sa suite” is officially translated as “in her wake,” but the idea is better expressed as written above
[23] The adjective in French used is “maravers” which seems to imply “of Marava”
[24] The French word “accrochée” means literally “hangs/hung”…it seems to indicate a state of “permanency” but the word itself did not entirely make sense in the English.
[25] Medicant is a word for a man of voluntary poverty, monks.
[26] “désarmant” is the French word for “disarming;” in this context it seems to imply “unshakable”
[27] This final sentence is not easy to translate and have make sense in English because three different words/phrases are used in French with subtle connotation but all best translate as “help/aid/assistance” in English. The sentence seems a bit redundant when translated.
[28] “les siens” means “his own people, his own kindred”
[29] “delicatesse de sentiments” only translates as “delicacy of feelings;” I could not find any translation for this other than the literal.
[30] “les nouvelles” means literally “news” or “the latest” meaning “updates, what’s new”
[31] “Il n’en pouvait plus” is a specific French phrase implying in this case “he could do it no more” or “he was worn out”
[32] “Tous les moyens du bord étaient bons” is a phrase basically meaning « any way possible was good to get them there”